Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) in Vertical Farming

Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) is a hydroponic growing method that can be adapted for use in Vertical Farming Systems. This advanced hydroponic system enables growers to attain impressive yields while conserving water and nutrients.

In this article, we will delve into the Nutrient Film Technique, examining its functionality, advantages, and how one can leverage the system’s strengths for year-round cultivation of nourishing and thriving crops. 

What is Hydroponics?  

Before we address the Nutrient Film Technique it is important to explain hydroponics within a vertical farming context. Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without soil, using a nutrient-rich water solution to deliver essential nutrients directly to the plant roots.

In hydroponic systems, plants are typically supported by an inert growing medium or are suspended in nutrient-rich water, allowing them to take up nutrients more efficiently than in traditional soil-based cultivation. 

Hydroponic systems offer several advantages over traditional soil-based cultivation, including faster growth rates, more efficient nutrient uptake, and better control over environmental factors such as pH and nutrient levels. Additionally, hydroponics can be practiced in various setups, such as NFT, deep water culture (DWC), aeroponics, and more, each with its own set of advantages and considerations. 

What is the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT)?  

The Nutrient Film Technique is an active hydroponic system that utilizes pumps to circulate a thin layer of nutrient solution through shallow channels, allowing plant roots to dip and absorb essential nutrients. This highly efficient system significantly reduces water usage. The key components of an NFT system include: 

• Grow Trays/Channels: Shallow grow trays or channels are a distinctive feature of NFT systems, requiring less water for proper plant nourishment. These trays can be slightly angled to facilitate the smooth flow of the nutrient solution. 

• Water Pump: The water pump plays a crucial role in the NFT system by transferring the nutrient solution from the reservoir to the grow trays. This component is critical, as a malfunction could lead to plants losing access to the solution, potentially causing wilting or plant death. 

• Air Stone/Air Pump: The air stone provides aeration and oxygenation to the nutrient solution, promoting healthy root growth and preventing root rot. Its bubbling action helps circulate the nutrient solution, ensuring all roots receive uniform access to nutrients and preventing the formation of stagnant water pockets, which could harbor harmful pathogens. 

The Nutrient Solution

The nutrient solution serves as the cornerstone of the Nutrient Film Technique, providing plants with the essential elements they need for growth. Comparable to traditional agriculture fertilizers, the key elements in the nutrient solution—nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium—are crucial for plant development. After circulating through the system, the nutrient solution returns to the reservoir for reuse. 

What are the Advantages of the Nutrient Film Technique? 

The Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) offers several advantages in hydroponic cultivation, making it a popular choice for growers. One of its key benefits is water efficiency. NFT is among the most water-efficient hydroponic methods, saving up to 90% of water compared to traditional farming practices, though the exact savings depend on plant types and environmental conditions.

Additionally, the technique optimizes space utilization, particularly in vertical farming setups. This makes NFT highly suitable for urban environments or areas with limited land, where maximizing vertical space is essential. Plants in NFT systems also experience increased growth rates due to the efficient and direct absorption of nutrients, leading to quicker crop cycles and higher yields.

The technique further reduces disease risks, as plants are not in contact with soil, thereby minimizing exposure to soil-borne diseases and enhancing overall crop health. Another advantage is the effective oxygenation of roots; the thin film of nutrient solution ensures a well-aerated root zone, preventing issues like root suffocation and promoting healthy plant development.

High Adaptability and Year-Round Cultivation

NFT systems are also highly adaptable to various crops, particularly those with shallow root systems such as lettuce, herbs, strawberries, and leafy greens. This versatility makes them suitable for a wide range of produce. Moreover, NFT can be seamlessly integrated into controlled environments like greenhouses or indoor facilities, enabling precise management of factors such as temperature, humidity, and lighting to optimize growth conditions.

Year-round cultivation is another significant benefit of NFT systems. Their controlled environments and efficient nutrient delivery make it possible to grow crops continuously, regardless of external weather conditions. Lastly, the ease of automation in NFT systems adds to their appeal. Sensors and control systems can monitor and adjust parameters like nutrient levels, pH, and flow rates, reducing the need for constant manual oversight and enhancing operational efficiency.

Implementing the Nutrient Film Technique in Vertical Farming

Implementing the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) in Vertical Farming demands a thoughtful and precise approach to ensure success. Key considerations include designing a system that meets the specific needs of the crops, managing the nutrient solution to deliver optimal nourishment, and maintaining overall environmental control to support healthy growth.

At Viemose DGS, we bring unparalleled expertise to the design and installation of NFT systems tailored to your unique requirements. Our team prioritizes every detail, from system layout and nutrient flow optimization to integrating advanced environmental controls and automation technologies.

Whether you’re cultivating leafy greens, herbs, or strawberries, we ensure that your setup is efficient, reliable, and scalable to meet your production goals. With our guidance and support, you can confidently embrace the advantages of NFT in vertical farming and achieve exceptional results.